Osteoporosis Symtoms & Cure
Osteoporosis
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Osteoporosis is a disease of bone that leads to an increased risk of fracture. In osteoporosis the bone mineral density (BMD) is reduced, bone microarchitecture is disrupted, and the amount and variety of non collagenous proteins in bone is altered. Osteoporosis is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in women as a bone mineral density 2.5 standard deviations below peak bone mass (20 year old healthy female average) as measured by DXA; the term "established osteoporosis" includes the presence of a fragility fracture.[1] Osteoporosis is most common in women after menopause, when it is called postmenopausal osteoporosis, but may also develop in men, and may occur in anyone in the presence of particular hormonal disorders and other chronic diseases or as a result of medications, specifically glucocorticoids, when the disease is called steroid or glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (SIOP or GIOP). Given its influence in the risk of fragility fracture, osteoporosis may significantly affect life expectancy and quality of life.
Osteoporosis can be prevented with lifestyle changes and sometimes medication; in people with osteoporosis, treatment may involve both. Lifestyle change includes exercise and preventing falls; medication includes calcium, vitamin D, bisphosphonates and several others. Fall prevention advice includes exercise to tone deambulatory muscles, proprioception improvement exercises; equilibrium therapies may be included. Exercise with its anabolic effect, may at the same time stop or reverse osteoporosis.
Contents
1 Pathogenesis 2 Signs and symptoms 2.1 Fractures 2.2 Falls risk 3 Risk factors 3.1 Nonmodifiable 3.2 Potentially modifiable 3.3 Diseases and disorders 3.4 Medication 4 Diagnosis 4.1 Dual energy X ray absorptiometry 4.2 Screening 5 Treatment 5.1 Medication 5.2 Nutrition 5.3 Exercise 6 Prognosis 7 Epidemiology 7.1 Hip fractures 7.2 Vertebral fractures...
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