Fallacy Summary And Application Paper
Fallacy Summary and Application Paper
Introduction
Logical Fallacies are methods in argumentations or persuasions that may look or sound good and truthful but do not stand up to critical analysis. These are errors of reasoning that may be recognized by prudent thinkers (Downes, 1995). Fallacies are more than just mistaken belief, it is a flaw in argument that may be intentionally created by a person who has an agenda or may be due to a simple error. On the other hand, Fischer (1970; p. 306) in contrast with fallacy explains logic as follows: “Logic is not everything. But it is something something which can be taught, something which can be learned, something which can help us in some degree to think more sensibly about the dangerous world in which we live.”
Logical fallacies are commonly used in order to manipulate a situation or worse when an individual does not recognize the fallacies in the argument, he can be manipulated during the decision making process. As such it is necessary for every individual to use critical thinking particularly during the decision-making process for him or her to become aware of logical fallacies and how these relate to decision-making. Critical thinking as against logical fallacies is a process being used particularly in resolving a problem. It is a mental process of analyzing and evaluating information such as statements or propositions being offered as truth. This process involves reflection of the meaning of statements given, examinations of evidence and reasoning offered and formulation of judgments about the facts (Paul, R. and Elder L. 2002). One of the most significant attributes of the critical thinking is its ability to summarize the complex ideas clearly with fairness to all sides. On the other hand “logical fallacies as defined can hinder the critical thinking process” according to Bassham, Irwin, Nardone and Wallace (2002). This paper discusses three logical fallacies: appeal to emotion, red herring and...
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