2. Choose 2 Motivation Theories In The Workplace And Do The Following:
• Theory X and Theory Y (Douglas McGregor)
Douglas McGregor proposed two distinct views of human beings, one basically negative, labeled Theory X, and the other basically positive, labeled Theory Y.
Theory X
i. The average human being has an inherent dislike of works and will avoid it if whenever possible.
ii. People must be coerced, controlled, directed, or threatened with punishment in order to get them to achieve the organizational objectives.
iii. People prefer to be directed, avoid responsibilities, have little or no ambition, and seek formal direction whenever possible.
iv. People seek security above all else.
Middle
i. Oriented toward people.
ii. Assumptions about people.
iii. Interest in working.
iv. Conditions under which people will work hard.
Theory Y
i. Work as being natural as play and rest.
ii. People will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are committed to the objectives.
iii. Commitment to objectives is a function of the rewards associated with their achievement.
iv. People learn to accept, even seek, and seek responsibility.
v. Creativity, ingenuity, and imagination are widely distributed among the population. People are capable of using these abilities to solve an organizational problem.
vi. The ability to make innovative decisions is widely dispersed throughout the population and is not necessarily the sole province of those in management positions.
vii. People have potential.
Theory X assumes that lower-order needs dominate individuals. Theory Y assumes that higher-order needs dominate individuals. McGregor himself held to the belief that Theory Y assumptions were more valid than Theory Y. Therefore, he proposed such ideas as participative decision making, responsible and challenging jobs, and group relations as approaches that would maximize and employee’s job motivation.
• Two Factor Theory (Frederick Herzberg)
A theory, devised by Herzberg, suggesting that satisfaction and dissatisfaction stem...
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